Showing posts with label Viral vs Bacterial Infections. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Viral vs Bacterial Infections. Show all posts

August 12, 2021

Reasons Why You Shouldn't Get the COVID Injection


Peter McCullough, MD testifies to Texas Senate HHS Committee
 
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August 12, 2021, JunkyardSam wrote on subreddit nonewnormal, which has been "quarantined":

Lots of creepy comments encouraging you to take it. I advise otherwise. Do what you want, but here's random reasons why you shouldn't:

  1. It doesn't stop you from getting it

  2. It doesn't stop you from spreading it to others

  3. It supposedly "lessens your symptoms" but we don't know if that's true, because "Delta Variant" has already evolved to be more like a common cold

  4. The vaccine uses an unusual new mRNA technology that hasn't been tested longterm

  5. One of the creators, Robert Malone, has come out warning people against it.

  6. Numerous doctors, scientists, and medical workers have warned against it -- and creepily they are censored and blacklisted. These are people who have no financial incentive to put their reputations on the line. They get nothing out of it except a difficult time finding employment in the future but feeling good about at least trying to speak out. Whistleblowers, basically.

  7. There is an incredible coverup going on in regard to the side effects and deaths. In most places you can't even talk about them. What do they have to hide?

  8. It's not normal to push such a new, unproven thing onto children and even pregnant women. Why are they doing this?

  9. Hardly any young people die from Covid. Only 721 people in 2020 according to CDC. So why are we pushing this on children?

  10. They've lied about numbers from the start, so how can we trust them about anything?!

  11. The manufacturers can't be held accountable if you are injured by the injection. There are people all over needing help with medical bills because no one is there to help them after they get Bell's Palsy, have heart issues after the shot, etc.

  12. My own dad went into mental decline after taking the Pfizer. He's 75, so it could be coincidental but... he was fine before the shots. Anecdotal but...

  13. Numerous people in my life have changed, strangely, after taking the shots. Again, this is anecdotal, but they seem to become less energized, more lethargic, more irritable. It's strange, and I can't prove it other than it's just what I see.

  14. I've seen two people in my life get Delta Variant who were fully vaccinated. They transmitted it to my family, but for us it ranged from asymptomatic to a minor cold.

  15. The creepiest thing of all though is all the FORCE, COERCION, division, hate, anger, rage, propaganda, lies, and censorship.

That last one is enough, for me, to say no. Something is fundamentally wrong.

PS. Listen to Dr. Charles Hoffe about the micro clotting issue. Read about what happened in regard to ADE with previous coronavirus vaccines. Read about what happened with animal testing. Read about spike proteins and their relation to prion disease.

By all means, do what you want... But only people who are either uninformed on what's actually going on — or people who are financially incentivized by pharmaceutical corporations — think it's a good idea.

Visit r / covidvaccinated ... Keep in mind that's a highly censored forum with something like 80% of posts removed, but STILL it's full of side effects.

We don't know yet what the LONG TERM side effects are.

Not worth the gamble, IMHO, and their rush to eliminate the control group is incredibly fishy.

Beware anyone here who advises you get it. NNN is FILLED with shills and covert encouragement to get the shots now.

If these vaccines were so great, they wouldn't have to censor doctors and they wouldn't have to force it on us.

Just look what they've done to the country in the last year and a half... And we're supposed to trust them with an injection?! After sowing division and hate in the citizenry?

The people running things right now are clearly bad people. I would go so far as to say treasonous and even "evil."

If you think that's extreme, just take a look at what's happening in the schools with masks and plastic bubbles and playgrounds full of "social distancing squares."

If that's the world you want to live in then, by all means, take the shots, because THAT is the new normal. Oppression, authoritarianism, and mandatory vaccinations with experimental new untested injections.

Most of us here are saying, "No New Normal!"

I think right now no one actually knows what precisely is causing the side effects and what the long-term side effects may be... So we have various doctors giving their thoughts about what they think it might be.

They could be right? They could be wrong.

The thing is... we don't know. And that's the problem.

They're trying to force these experimental injections on us and it's like... I don't care about Covid-19. If I get it it'll be like nothing. I'm almost certain I already had it when it passed through the office in my region before we were sent to work from home. I had the side effects including loss of sense of smell/taste. But I was sick for a day... And back to work the next. Not a big deal. And everyone makes a big deal about the "loss of smell" but that's a standard side effect for any nasal infection. It's common.

Then a fully vaccinated family member came over to show off his new Porsche. Coughing, sneezing, and snotting all over. Got us sick with Delta Variant. But who cares? My wife was asymptomatic. I had minor sniffles. My kids had "minor colds" for a couple of days. One kid had a slight fever and went to bed a little early one evening and woke up better the next day. Who cares?!

That's why they have to spend so much time and money turning this relatively harmless virus into the boogeyman. Fact is, 99.7% of people who get it will get over it with no problem... And that last 0.3%? That's not random... It's almost entirely people who don't take care of themselves, or people that are so old they're going to die anyway.

So --- why should I have to inject myself and my family, who I am here to protect, with an experimental injection that has killed THOUSANDS and injured HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS?!

The virus is not a threat to us, simple as that... And yet we're called selfish?! By people who want to force an injection onto us that IS a threat?!

Who's selfish here?!

Do you know about yandex.com -- it's an alternative search engine, very different from the others.

The one thing I can share that I've contributed to the community is this timeline:

https://pastebin.com/QixZX44H

You need to paste it into a document or email for the links to become clickable. I keep it on pastebin because everywhere else gets censored.

There's a good set of links at the bottom, and some pretty wild stuff in there. Not everything is guaranteed to be connected, but if you read through you'll find out about the World Bank Pandemic Bonds and the relationship between the governors sending people to their deaths in the nursing homes. This was a money laundering scheme that financed this global operation.

As far as I can tell, this is my discovery. No one else has made those connections, but it's real interesting.

Some of those governors actually forbade the nursing homes from testing incoming patients... And the patients were not even elderly -- they were all ages. There's a famous case where a 20 year old that was sent in bludgeoned a 75 year old to death.

Also, it wasn't just the governors -- it happened in other countries. They death count needed to increase by a certain date in order to officially declare a pandemic, which would trigger holding of the funds instead of returning them to the investors... And then the funds were distributed globally.

Money laundering. What's worse? Who bought these bonds? A lot of purchases came from retirement funds and pensions.

What would you have thought about your pension money being invested in bonds that will not pay out if there is a pandemic?

The crazy thing is the organizations involved in selling these pandemic bonds were actively warning the world about a "coming pandemic" as they were simultaneously selling them.

But I can't get anyone interested in the story. It's all right there. We have the prospectus in archive.org (they have since removed it.)

Anyhow, it's a story that someone big like Glenn Greenwald would need to break, with more detailed analysis... But no one's going to go near it because it's touching on extreme controversy with the most powerful people and organizations in the world.

Weather the storm. It will be hard for a while, but we'll win in the end. They're pushing fast because they know the long term side effects are beginning to emerge. First with Delta Variant, and ... just wait for this fall and the next.

Read about ADE. Antibody-dependent enhancement. It's happening...

Good post dude. Yeah I’m seeing some interesting posts on here now that I didn’t see at all before today. Number 15 is like the only reason I need to not get it. I don’t even have to research it to not trust that shit when they are foaming at the mouth about absolutely everyone having one. All the stuff I’ve ever heard when it comes to new world order or Illuminati or totalitarian government points to a big event just like this for a big power grab. And just something about everyone being so fuckin psycho about everyone taking it doesn’t sit right with me. So fuck it im holding out to the bitter end. I never really flew or traveled anyway. Fuck them. There’s plenty of places for me to still visit in Texas. So if I have to stay in my own state then fuck them I will. But I’m not taking the jab no matter what. Fuck that shit.

https://www.reddit.com/r/NoNewNormal/comments/p0vbgl/repost_youtube_video_was_taken_down_trust_the/

https://www.ukcolumn.org/article/banned-paper-doctors-risk-versus-benefit-assessment-of-covid-jabs

My rant on social media this morning has been I just want people to be aware of the risks associated with the vaccine. This is an experimental biological treatment that has resulted in long-term, serious injury and death. The big pharma companies have zero liability against these incidents too. I follow a doctor that strongly pushes the vaccine, and I confronted him, very politely, asking him to please make people aware that there are risks. It's just not 100% safe. I am 100% free choice, 0% believing there is no risk, and that's what the media is portraying.

JunkyardSam

These SARS-CoV vaccines all induced antibody and protection against infection with SARS-CoV. However, challenge of mice given any of the vaccines led to occurrence of Th2-type immunopathology suggesting hypersensitivity to SARS-CoV components was induced. Caution in proceeding to application of a SARS-CoV vaccine in humans is indicated.

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0035421

I almost succumbed to the fear campaign to get vaxxed. This community helped me crawl out of that fear hole and accept my choice not to Vax. The media will make you feel like you're the only one, and you're going to die because of your mistakes. Even after this thread is eventually gone completely, never forget that you aren't alone and there are plenty of people who are going to stand with you when it comes down to it. Peace love and prayers for all of you guys.

level 1

Ask anyone why they are getting the vaccine. Is it because they are scared of COVID? No. It's because

  • I want to travel

  • I don't want to lose my job

  • I want the lockdowns to end

  • All my friends got it

Nobody is even getting it for the right reasons, the only reason which would be "I am scared of dying from COVID". Almost like everyone recognizes the threat of COVID is minuscule compared to the threat of authority.

It's all suspect honestly.

They're moving on a timeline we don't know, and falling back so they are pushing harder.

The title of a YT French news report "Desire for vaccines is slowing down annoying the government" (Link in case someone thinks I'm full of shit).

Something stinks! And the only idea I have is from another NNN member who mentioned "They want 99% vaccination so that when the side effects show up they can NOT blame the vaccines".

I think they're trying to normalize "papers please"; roll it out before people snap out of their fear and realize what's happening.

June 20, 2020

Is 5G Causing Radiation Sickness?

THE PROBLEM IS NOT JUST 5G (fifth generation wireless technology)!

ALL TYPES OF MANMADE RADIATION ARE HARMFUL, including radiowaves, microwaves, and millimeter waves.

The symptoms people are experiencing that are being attributed to the coronavirus are the exact same symptoms of radiation sickness or Electromagnetic Sensitivity.

Just look at these symptoms!
  • loss of taste and smell
  • stroke and seizures
  • “fizzing” and an electrical feeling on the skin
  • a burning feeling on the skin (which is EXACTLY what happens with 5G military weapons)
  • neurological problems such as dizziness, headaches and impaired consciousness
  • heart problems and heart attacks (which are CLEARLY a result of exposure to PULSED MICROWAVES that disrupt the electrical signaling of the human body)
  • HEART RUPTURE (BTW, hearts do NOT rupture from a VIRUS! But they can and do rupture from exposure to PULSED acoustic and/or microwave frequencies)
  • damage to men’s testicles (in case you did not know – exposure to any form of man-made radiation destroys male fertility)
  • clotting of the blood that immediately makes me think of what happens to the blood when it is exposed to WIFI radiation
http://www.radiationdangers.com/5g/is-the-coronavirus-actually-microwave-illness/

5G – FROM BLANKETS TO BULLETS
By Arthur Firstenberg
January 22, 2018

"A million powerful beams whizzing by us at all times."

The single most important fact about 5G that nobody is talking about is called “phased array.”

It will totally change the way cell towers and cell phones are constructed and will transform the blanket of radiation which has enveloped our world for two decades into a million powerful beams whizzing by us at all times.

Blake Levitt, author of Electromagnetic Fields: A Consumer’s Guide to the Issues and How to Protect Ourselves (Harcourt Brace, 1995), brought this to my attention. A mutual friend, with whom I was speaking during the campaign to defeat S.B. 649 in California, passed on a message from Blake:

“5G antennas will be phased arrays; Arthur will know what that means.”

And I did.

Phased arrays were one of the first things I learned about in the very beginning of my long, involuntary journey from medical student to campaigner against wireless technology.

After I was injured by X-rays in 1980, I began to read everything I could get my hands on that had to do with electromagnetic radiation and its effects on life.

And one of the first books I read was Paul Brodeur’s The Zapping of America (W.W. Norton, 1977).

Early warnings

Brodeur was a staff writer for the New Yorker who had purchased property on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, only to discover that 30 miles inland, across the bay from his future home, the Air Force was planning to construct the world’s most powerful radar station.

It was going to scan the Atlantic Ocean as a key early warning element protecting us against the threat of sea-launched ballistic missiles from the Soviet Union.

Although it emitted an average power of only 145,000 watts, similar to some FM radio stations, it did not broadcast that energy from only a single antenna and it did not spread that energy out uniformly in all directions.

Instead, it had 3,600 antennas arranged in two “phased arrays” of 1,800 antennas each.

The antennas in each array worked together as a unit to focus all their energy into a narrow, steerable beam.

Each beam had an effective power of four billion watts, and the peak radiation level exceeded 0.3 milliwatt per square centimeter—the FCC’s safety limit today—at a distance of ten miles in front of the radar station.

The facility was called PAVE PAWS (Precision Acquisition of Vehicle Entry Phased Array Warning System).

The Defense Department acknowledged in a 1975 report, quoted by Brodeur, that such systems “energize thousands of operational elements, are electronically steered at high search rates, and operate at a frequency range having a maximum whole body energy transfer to man and for which little bioeffects data exists.”

Shortly after I read this, I discovered firsthand what some of the bioeffects were.

Attempting to finish my M.D. almost cost me my life. I collapsed one day with all the symptoms of a heart attack, whereupon I resigned from school and moved up to Mendocino to recover. There I was in the path of the other PAVE PAWS, the one that scanned the Pacific Ocean.

This PAVE PAWS was due east of Mendocino, in California’s Central Valley at Beale Air Force Base. And for nine months, every evening at precisely 7:00 p.m., no matter where I was or what I was doing, my chest would tighten and I would be unable to catch my breath for the next two hours. At precisely 9:00 p.m., my body would relax and I could breathe.

I lived in Mendocino from 1982 through 1984, and although I eventually recovered my health, I was always aware of an uncomfortable pressure in my chest whenever I was on the coast.

I also lived in Mendocino from 1999 to 2004, and felt that same discomfort whenever I was there, and always felt it suddenly vanish when I drove out of range of PAVE PAWS, and suddenly return at the same point on my journey home.

Directed beams

5G is going to be at a much higher frequency range, which means the antennas are going to be much smaller—small enough to fit inside a smartphone—but, like in PAVE PAWS, they are going to work together in a phased array; and, like in PAVE PAWS, they are going to concentrate their energy in narrow, steerable high power beams.

The arrays are going to track each other, so that wherever you are, a beam from your smartphone is going to be aimed directly at the base station (cell tower), and a beam from the base station is going to be aimed directly at you.

If you walk between someone’s phone and the base station, both beams will go right through your body. 

The beam from the tower will hit you even if you are standing near someone who is on a smartphone. 

And if you are in a crowd, multiple beams will overlap and be unavoidable.

At present, smartphones emit a maximum of about two watts, and usually operate at a power of less than a watt.

That will still be true of 5G phones; however, inside a 5G phone there may be 8 tiny arrays of 8 tiny antennas each, all working together to track the nearest cell tower and aim a narrowly focused beam at it.

The FCC has recently adopted rules allowing the effective power of those beams to be as much as 20 watts.

Now, if a handheld smartphone sent a 20-watt beam through your body, it would far exceed the exposure limit set by the FCC.

What the FCC is counting on is that there is going to be a metal shield between the display side of a 5G phone and the side with all the circuitry and antennas.

That shield will be there to protect the circuitry from electronic interference that would otherwise be caused by the display and make the phone useless.

But it will also function to keep most of the radiation from traveling directly into your head or body and; therefore, the FCC is allowing 5G phones to come to market that will have an effective radiated power that is ten times as high as for 4G phones.

What this will do to the user’s hands, the FCC does not say.

And who is going to make sure that when you stick a phone in your pocket, the correct side is facing your body?

And who is going to protect all the bystanders from radiation that is coming in their direction that is ten times as strong as it used to be?

And what about all the other 5G equipment that is going to be installed in all your computers, appliances, and automobiles?

 The FCC calls handheld phones “mobile stations.” Transmitters in cars are also “mobile stations.”

But the FCC has also issued rules for what it calls ”transportable stations,” which it defines as transmitting equipment that is used in stationary locations and not in motion, such as local hubs for wireless broadband in your home or business.

The FCC’s new rules allow an effective radiated power of 300 watts for such equipment.

Enormous power

The situation with cell towers is, if anything, worse.

So far the FCC has approved bands of frequencies around 24 GHz, 28 GHz, 38 GHz, 39 GHz, and 48 GHz for use in 5G stations, and is proposing to add 32 GHz, 42 GHz, 50 GHz, 71-76 GHz, 81-86 GHz, and above 95 GHz to the soup.

These have tiny wavelengths and require tiny antennas.

At 48 GHz, an array of 1,024 antennas will measure only 4 inches square. And the maximum radiated power from a base station will probably not be that large—tens or hundreds of watts. But, just as with PAVE PAWS, arrays containing such large numbers of antennas will be able to channel the energy into highly focused beams, and the effective radiated power will be enormous.

The rules adopted by the FCC allow a 5G base station operating in the millimeter range to emit an effective radiated power of up to 30,000 watts per 100 MHz of spectrum.

And when you consider that some of the frequency bands the FCC has made available will allow telecom companies to buy up to 3 GHz of contiguous spectrum at auction, they will legally be allowed to emit an effective radiated power of up to 900,000 watts if they own that much spectrum.

The base stations emitting power like that will be located on the sidewalk. They will be small rectangular structures mounted on top of utility poles.

The reason the companies want so much power is because millimeter waves are easily blocked by objects and walls and require tremendous power to penetrate inside buildings and communicate with all the devices that we own that are going to part of the Internet of Things.

The reason such tiny wavelengths are required is because of the need for an enormous amount of bandwidth—a hundred times as much bandwidth as we formerly used—in order to have smart homes, smart businesses, smart cars, and smart cities, i.e. in order to connect so many of our possessions, big and small, to the internet, and make them do everything we want them to do as fast as we want them to do it.

The higher the frequency, the greater the bandwidth—but the smaller the waves. 

Base stations have to be very close together—100 meters apart in cities—and they have to blast out their signals in order to get them inside homes and buildings.

And the only way to do this economically is with phased arrays and focused beams that are aimed directly at their targets.

What happens to birds that fly through the beams, the FCC does not say.

And what happens to utility workers who climb utility poles and work next to these structures everyday?

A 30,000-watt beam will cook an egg, or an eye, at a distance of a few feet.

The power from a base station will be distributed among as many devices as are connected at the same time. When a lot of people are using their phones simultaneously, everyone’s phone will slow down but the amount of radiation in each beam will be less.

When you are the only person using your phone—for example, late at night—your data speed will be blisteringly fast but most of the radiation from the cell tower will be aimed at you.

Deep penetration into the body

Another important fact about radiation from phased array antennas is this: it penetrates much deeper into the human body, and the assumptions that the FCC’s exposure limits are based on do not apply.

This was brought to everyone’s attention by Dr. Richard Albanese of Brooks Air Force Base in connection with PAVE PAWS and was reported on in Microwave News in 2002.

When an ordinary electromagnetic field enters the body, it causes charges to move and currents to flow.

But when extremely short electromagnetic pulses enter the body, something else happens: the moving charges themselves become little antennas that re-radiate the electromagnetic field and send it deeper into the body.

These re-radiated waves are called Brillouin precursors. They become significant when either the power or the phase of the waves changes rapidly enough.

5G will probably satisfy both requirements.

This means that the reassurance we are being given—that these millimeter waves are too short to penetrate far into the body—is not true.

In the United States, AT&T, Verizon, Sprint, and T-Mobile are all competing to have 5G towers, phones, and other devices commercially available as early as the end of 2018.

AT&T already has experimental licenses and has been testing 5G-type base stations and user equipment at millimeter wave frequencies in Middletown, New Jersey; Waco, Austin, Dallas, Plano, and Grapevine, Texas; Kalamazoo, Michigan; and South Bend, Indiana.

Verizon has experimental licenses and has been conducting trials in Houston, Euless, and Cypress, Texas; South Plainfield and Bernardsville, New Jersey; Arlington, Chantilly, Falls Church, and Bailey’s Crossroads, Virginia; Washington, DC; Ann Arbor, Michigan; Brockton and Natick, Massachusetts; Atlanta; and Sacramento.

Sprint has experimental licenses in Bridgewater, New Brunswick, and South Plainfield, New Jersey; and San Diego. T-Mobile has experimental licenses in Bellevue and Bothell, Washington; and San Francisco.

https://www.emfacts.com/2018/01/5g-and-phased-arrays/

Electromagnetic Sensitivity, also known as Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity (EHS) or electrosensitivity, is a condition in which an individual experiences symptoms like headaches, dizziness, unusual heart palpitations, or insomnia, around wireless technologies or electrical devices such as smart meters, cell towers, Wi-Fi, mobile phones, cordless phones, power line magnetic fields, intermediate frequencies, and electric fields from various electronics devices.

Symptoms
  • Neurological: headaches, dizziness/nausea, memory and concentration difficulties, insomnia, depression/anxiety, fatigue/weakness, numbness/tingling, muscle and joint pains.
  • Cardiac: heart palpitations, shortness of breath, heart arrhythmias, high blood pressure.
  • Eyes: pain/discomfort, pressure in the eyes, deteriorating vision, cataracts.
  • Ears: ringing in the ears, hearing loss.
  • Other: skin problems, digestive problems, dehydration, nosebleeds, impaired sense of smell and light sensitivity.
-Taken from EMFacts Consultancy's Consumer Health and Safety Advice.

According to Hecht and Balzer's analysis of 878 scientific works from Russian medical literature, the symptoms may take 3-5 years of exposure to emerge. Within the first 5 years, avoiding or reducing exposure may eliminate symptoms. However, after 10 years, severe symptoms and disease may become evident.

Possible Scientific Explanations for EHS Symptoms
SymptomPossibly Related Objective Effects/Animal Research
HeadacheOpening of the Blood-brain barrier, effects on the dopamine-opiate systems of the brain, and blood cell clumping. See References
Cardiovascular problemsCalcium efflux in animals' hearts; Arrhythmia in animals; Tachycardia in double-blind study with DECT cordless phones (See Magda Havas's video and References.) High blood pressure found in double-blind studies (see Devra Davis' book Disconnect).
TinnitusA study at the University of Vienna (Hans-Peter Hutter et al, 2010) found that risk of tinnitus increased with years of cell phone use.
Immune ProblemsThe RNCNIRP 2011 mentioned that a number of papers published in 2010 showed immune response to RF EMF and that chronic RF EMF exposure may lead to "borderline psychosomatic disorders." See also the Bioinitiative Report section on immune system effects.
Memory lossReduced synaptic activity in hippocampus neurons; Memory loss and neuronal death observed in rats; See References.
Sleeping Disorders like InsomniaEMF reduces levels of melatonin; 3 hours of exposure prolongs latency to reach first cycle of deep sleep, and decreases stage 4 sleep (see reference)
DepressionAffects blood levels of serotonin in participants within 300m of a cell site. See References
EHS symptomsCertain types of EMF have been found to damage Myelin. Myelin provides electrical insulation for the nervous system.

http://www.emfwise.com/ehs.php

What are the Differences and Similarities Between the Viral Infections of Common Cold, Flu, and COVID-19 (2019 Novel Coronavirus)?

The table below summarizes the similar and different signs and symptoms of the common cold, flu, and COVID-19 (all infections caused by viruses).

Signs and SymptomsColdFlu (Influenza)COVID-19 (Wuhan Coronavirus)
FeverMild if presentOftenOften
Fatigue, TirednessOccasional, mildCommonOccasional
SneezingCommonInfrequentInfrequent
Body AchesCommonCommonOccasional
HeadacheVery infrequentCommonOccasional
Sore ThroatCommonOccasionalOccasional
Stuffy or Runny NoseCommonOccasionalInfrequent
DiarrheaNoOccasionalInfrequent
Watery eyesCommonCommonInfrequent
CoughMildDry coughA dry cough, often severe
Shortness of BreathNoRareWith mild/moderate infection
Difficulty Breathing*NoIn severe infections*Common in severe infections*
*Needs oxygen or ventilator

Hypoxemia 
By Mayo Clinic Staff

Hypoxemia is a below-normal level of oxygen in your blood, specifically in the arteries. Hypoxemia is a sign of a problem related to breathing or circulation, and may result in various symptoms, such as shortness of breath.

Hypoxemia is determined by measuring the oxygen level in a blood sample taken from an artery (arterial blood gas). It can also be estimated by measuring the oxygen saturation of your blood using a pulse oximeter — a small device that clips to your finger.

Normal arterial oxygen is approximately 75 to 100 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). Values under 60 mm Hg usually indicate the need for supplemental oxygen. Normal pulse oximeter readings usually range from 95 to 100 percent. Values under 90 percent are considered low.

https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/hypoxemia/basics/definition/sym-20050930

The 3 Strangest Covid-19 Symptoms Explained
By Keren Landman, MD
May 7, 2020

Anosmia, ‘happy hypoxia,’ and blood clots: What scientists know and don’t know

The Covid-19 pandemic is an unprecedented event in modern medical practice, and health care providers are seeing extraordinary numbers of severely ill people.

Many providers think the novel coronavirus is causing the human body to behave in weird ways. In some cases, they may be right — but not in all of them.

Some of the side effects associated with Covid-19 are unusual symptoms for a respiratory infection while others are simply being observed by doctors more often because of the sheer number of people infected.

As the pandemic unfolds, both physicians and the public are struggling to differentiate between the two as a way to better understand the virus.

Below are three symptoms that have received recent attention.

Easily clotting blood

One symptom that has been described as a mysterious complication of Covid-19 infection is the presence of blood clots in people with more severe forms of the disease.

In a prepublication study recounting the autopsy findings of 20 people in Louisiana who died from Covid-19, the authors described clotting in the small blood vessels of many patients’ lungs. A group of Dutch scientists also described a series of hospitalized people who had clotting complications; most of those complications were in the veins of the lungs.

The process of clot formation in human blood involves hundreds, if not thousands, of proteins and cells. Doctors who specialize in blood diseases can usually identify the cause of a clotting disorder by looking for patterns in blood tests that measure those proteins and cells’ abundance.

But the clotting that accompanies many severe Covid-19 infections evades that effort.

Blood tests in people with these infections “don’t fit into the usual patterns,” says Adrienne Phillips, MD, a specialist in hematology and oncology at Weill Cornell Medicine in New York City. This makes it hard to determine the root cause of clotting in these people, which in turn makes it difficult to make broad recommendations for preventing or treating those clots.

Another unusual feature of the clotting associated with Covid-19 is related to the size of the blood vessels where the clots are found. 

Critically ill people who do not have Covid-19 often develop clots in large blood vessels as a side effect of not moving much and having disease-related inflammation in their bodies. These factors make clotting so likely that for years, most critically ill people have received clot-preventing medication as a matter of course while they’re in the hospital.

But many people with Covid-19 who are on clot-preventing medications are nevertheless developing clots in their lungs — and not just in the large blood vessels but in very small ones, too. “That’s what makes this clotting unique,” says Phillips. The unusual locations of these clots raise the concern that clotting is not just a side effect of a Covid-19 infection but is actually a feature of it.

Because these clots’ characteristics are so unusual, and because of the growing concern that clotting is responsible for much of the havoc the infection wreaks, several studies are underway to investigate whether drugs that prevent or bust clots can help people infected with the novel coronavirus.

While this set of symptoms might feel unusual, it’s really the number of people experiencing it that’s unusual rather than the symptom itself.

“Happy hypoxia”

The presence of “happy hypoxia,” a phenomenon in which people with low blood oxygen levels do not actually feel short of breath, has also been treated in news reports as a clinical conundrum.

Although the spectrum of lung disease that Covid-19 causes is still not completely understood, this particular symptom is nothing new, says Martin Tobin, a professor of pulmonary and critical care medicine at Loyola University.

When it comes to the ways lungs work in the setting of Covid-19 infection, “our understanding of how the body reacts to major challenges remains the same,” he says.

At baseline, human bodies need a steady supply of fresh oxygen to live, and so people constantly produce carbon dioxide waste as a side effect of normal metabolism. Healthy lungs exchange oxygen for carbon dioxide in the lungs’ many tiny air sacs.

When a portion of the lungs has a complete blockage of air or blood flow, that exchange doesn’t happen and oxygen levels drop. But carbon dioxide, which exchanges more readily than oxygen, can still escape the lungs as long as the rest of the lung tissue is relatively healthy and not stiffened by age or disease, like uncontrolled asthma or severe pneumonia.

That results in low oxygen levels and low carbon dioxide levels — and people can actually feel pretty comfortable with low oxygen levels if they are not exerting themselves, says Tobin. Before this pandemic, doctors occasionally saw this same pattern in people with healthy lungs who had developed a bacterial pneumonia called “lobar” pneumonia.

“This is an extraordinarily contagious virus that is affecting people in the thousands, tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands,” says Tobin. Doctors aren’t used to evaluating people with respiratory problems in these numbers nor “having to make decisions about large numbers in a very short period of time.” So while this set of symptoms might feel unusual, it’s really the number of people experiencing it that’s unusual rather than the symptom itself.

Covid-19-associated smell loss may be unusual in that it is reported by so many people relatively early in the course of their infection, often without nasal passage inflammation.

Loss of smell and taste

There are some relatively common Covid-19 complications that are less common in other infections. The loss of smell and taste are among them. 

A prepublication study from a group of German authors compared smell in 45 people diagnosed with Covid-19 with 45 uninfected people and found that 40% of infected people and none of the uninfected people had lost their sense of smell.

Another peer-reviewed French study found a loss of smell lasting an average of nine days in nearly half of all people infected with Covid-19; 85% of those people who lost smell also lost their sense of taste. Although anecdotal reports often highlight the absence of other symptoms accompanying loss of smell, the French investigators noted 60% of people who lost their sense of smell had a runny nose.

Well before Covid-19 was on the scene, doctors understood smell could be impaired by a variety of conditions, infections among them. A Japanese study of people who reported problems smelling after head colds identified a virus in 15 of 24 participants’ nasal discharge: Most were rhinoviruses — among the most common causes of runny noses — and one was a coronavirus.

When head colds cause loss of smell, it is often thought to be a result of swelling and mucus in the nasal passages that block smell receptors. However, it is also thought that persistent swelling of these passages can kill the nerve cells that conduct smell sensation to the brain, resulting in the inability to smell even well after the swelling is gone (they usually grow back, though).

Covid-19-associated smell loss may be unusual in that it is reported by so many people relatively early in the course of their infection, often without nasal passage inflammation or discharge.

Those features make some scientists wonder if Covid-19 is directly affecting the nerves involved in sensing smell or other cells in the lining of the nasal passages.

But as with all weird symptoms associated with the infection, further research is needed before we really understand what’s going on.

https://elemental.medium.com/the-3-strangest-covid-19-symptoms-explained-a5c257b53538

Why don’t some coronavirus patients sense their alarmingly low oxygen levels?
By Jennifer Couzin-Frankel
April 28, 2020

Among the many surprises of the new coronavirus is one that seems to defy basic biology: infected patients with extraordinarily low blood-oxygen levels, or hypoxia, scrolling on their phones, chatting with doctors, and generally describing themselves as comfortable.

Clinicians call them happy hypoxics.

“There is a mismatch [between] what we see on the monitor and what the patient looks like in front of us,” says Reuben Strayer, an emergency physician at Maimonides Medical Center in New York City.

Speaking from home while recovering from COVID-19 himself, Strayer says he was first struck by the phenomenon in March as patients streamed into his emergency room. He and other doctors are keen to understand this hypoxia, and when and how to treat it.

A normal blood-oxygen saturation is at least 95%. In most lung diseases, such as pneumonia, falling saturations accompany other changes, including stiff or fluid-filled lungs, or rising levels of carbon dioxide because the lungs can’t expel it efficiently.

It’s these features that leave us feeling short of breath—not, counterintuitively, low oxygen saturation itself, says Paul Davenport, a respiratory physiologist at the University of Florida. “The brain is tuned to monitoring the carbon dioxide with various sensors,” Davenport explains. “We don’t sense our oxygen levels.”

In serious cases of COVID-19, patients struggle to breathe with damaged lungs, but early in the disease, low saturation isn’t always coupled with obvious respiratory difficulties. Carbon dioxide levels can be normal and breathing deeply is comfortable—“the lung is inflating so they feel OK,” says Elnara Marcia Negri, a pulmonologist at Hospital SĂ­rio-LibanĂŞs in SĂŁo Paulo.

But oxygen saturation, measured by a device clipped to a finger and in many cases confirmed with blood tests, can be in the 70s, 60s, or 50s. Or even lower. Although mountain climbers can have similar readings, here the slide downward, some doctors believe, is potentially “ominous,” says Nicholas Caputo, an emergency physician at New York City Health + Hospitals/Lincoln.

Hypotheses about what causes it are emerging.