Copenhagen Climate Treaty & Climategate

U.N. Climate Talks Need Quicker Pace for Global Deal

August 2, 2010

Reuters - U.N. climate talks this week urgently need to focus and speed up as time runs out to secure a global deal on combat climate change by the end of the year, delegates at the opening of negotiations on Monday said.

There are only 11 working days of talks left until a U.N. summit in Cancun this November to agree on extending or replacing the Kyoto Protocol, which expires in 2012.

"There is a lot of interest this week to pick up the pace and move with resolution toward Cancun," U.N. climate chief Christiana Figueres told reporters.

The existing agreement caps the carbon dioxide emissions of almost 40 developed countries from 2008-2012. However, new targets need the agreement of at least 143 countries -- or three quarters of the pact's parties.

A summit in Copenhagen last year ended with a weak agreement and delegates on Monday do not want a repetition this year.

"General debate is not sufficient. We are running out of time. We need to enter as soon as possible into negotiations on actual actions," said Huikang Huang, China's special representative for climate change talks.

In an attempt to break the deadlock, the chair of a U.N. working group will be consulting with governments this week on whether to use the protocol's current text as a negotiating document going forward.

"The chair will begin consultations this week. Parties will have to decide whether they consider this an option and when they will decide on it," Figueres said.

NUMBERS GAME

So far, a deal has been out of reach due to vagueness about emissions reduction targets and a timeline for achieving them, finance for developing countries and monitoring emissions cuts.

A draft document published by the U.N. in July did nothing to allay such concerns, leading some to believe that global consensus is a long way off.

Figueres said the main focus this week will be to transform public pledges into quantified emissions cuts. Some developing countries have accused industrialized nations of trying to avoid putting numbers to their pledges.

"We should not get distracted by other considerations and delay action. (Developed nations) must agree on consistent emissions cuts," said India's special representative.

Contingency options for if the world cannot agree on a new climate pact will also be discussed this week.

In a July document, the U.N. set out proposals for tweaks to the treaty, such as cutting the number of countries required to approve any new targets or extending the existing caps to 2013 or 2014.

The European Union is examining whether such options are practical.

"It would mean a new ratification process in the EU and such processes can take far more than one year," EU representative Artur Runge-Metzger told reporters.

To avoid further wrangling between developing nations and developed countries over emissions cuts, there could be two separate deals which co-exist, he added. One would cover parties already under the Kyoto Protocol, while the other would be a legal instrument covering the remaining parties, Runge-Metzger said.

"The two protocol solution is one way of moving forward."

U.S. Keeps Climate Goal Despite Senate Setback

August 2, 2010

Reuters - The United States stands by its 2020 target for reducing greenhouse gas emissions despite the Senate's failure to pass legislation to fight climate change, the top U.S. climate envoy said on Monday.

Todd Stern told Reuters a U.S. proposal, made last year ahead of U.N. climate talks, to reduce emissions roughly 17 percent by 2020 compared to 2005 levels or 3 percent from 1990 levels was still on the table.

"We're not moving away from what we submitted last year," Stern said in an interview.

Stern's comments were meant to reassure international counterparts after the U.S. Senate dropped efforts to put emissions curbs in an energy bill that is now focused narrowly on reforming offshore drilling.

The House of Representatives passed a bill with emissions limits last year, but it cannot become law without a similar initiative in the Senate. With November congressional elections looming and Republicans largely opposed to climate curbs, that is unlikely to happen this year.

Lack of legislation complicates life for Stern, who represents the United States at international climate change talks.

A climate law would have given the U.S. position a "positive shot in the arm," but the fundamentals of global negotiations would not change without it, Stern said.

"I talked with one country last week and they asked me, 'Well, now that the Senate didn't pass a bill, what's the U.S. going to put on the table?'" Stern recounted.

"And I said, 'You know, it's on the table. We put it on the table last year. We're not backing away from that.'"

Stern said a combination of regulation and legislation would help achieve the U.S. goal but he declined to lay out specifics to quantify how the reduction target would be met.

President Barack Obama remained committed to tough energy and climate change legislation, he said, and Stern did not rule out the possibility that bill could advance next year.

"The president has made it perfectly clear that he continues to be very significantly committed to the goal of getting significant energy and climate legislation done," he said.

ELECTIONS, ATMOSPHERICS AND THE CHINA QUESTION

The November 2 elections could complicate that. If Republicans take control over one or both houses of Congress, Obama, a Democrat, would have even less likelihood of passing a bill that the opposition party has equated with an energy tax.

The Obama administration has said the Environmental Protection Agency could regulate greenhouse gas emissions if necessary, but legislation is still its preferred option.

Senate Republican Leader Mitch McConnell, speaking to Reuters in an interview, highlighted Republican disapproval of such an option:

"For the administration to take on a national energy tax in effect by regulation is politically reckless," he said. "There's bipartisan opposition to putting clamps on our economy in this way."

A law would have been the preferred option for international negotiations as well, though Stern said the global talks would not change with or without a U.S. law.

"The fundamental issues of the negotiation ... haven't changed. And they wouldn't change if the legislation were done yesterday and they don't change with the legislation not yet done, although the kind of atmospherics of the discussion, I think, are different," he said.

Stern said he did not think the lack of a U.S. law would dramatically affect China's position in the climate talks.

Going forward, Stern said at least one more Major Economies Forum, which groups the world's biggest economies to talk about climate, was in the works, though no dates were set. Climate was likely to be discussed on the sidelines of the upcoming U.N. General Assembly meeting as well.

A formal follow-up to last year's chaotic climate talks in Copenhagen is scheduled for November 29-December 10 in Cancun, Mexico.

"We want a real result in Cancun, which I don't think is necessarily true everywhere," Stern said, adding some countries viewed the Mexico talks as a stepping stone for a more ambitious set of negotiations in 2012 in South Africa.

"We really agree with the Mexicans that this should be a significant meeting."